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- <text id=93CT1643>
- <title>
- Central African Republic--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Northern Africa
- Central African Republic
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Little is known of the successive waves of migration that
- occurred during the precolonial history of the C.A.R. However,
- it is believed that these migrations account for the complex
- ethnic and linguistic patterns in the area.
- </p>
- <p> On April 19, 1887, a convention concluded with the Congo Free
- State granted France possession of the right bank of the
- Oubangui River. This convention and later international
- agreements established the boundaries of Oubangui-Chari.
- </p>
- <p> In 1889, the French established an outpost at Bangui, located
- at the upper limit of the year-round navigable portion of the
- Oubangui River. In 1894, Oubangui-Chari became a territory; it
- was placed under a high commander and gradually given an
- administrative structure that began to be organized around 1900.
- United with Chad in 1906, it formed the Oubangui-Chari-Chad
- colony. In 1910, it became of the the four territories of the
- Federation of French Equatorial Africa (A.E.F.), along with
- Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) and Gabon.
- </p>
- <p> In August 1940, the territory responded, with the rest of
- the A.E.F., to the call from Gen. Charles de Gaulle to fight for
- Free France. After World War II, the French Constitution of
- 1946 inaugurated the first of a series of reforms that led
- eventually to complete independence for all French territories
- in western and equatorial Africa. The 1946 rights granted
- French citizenship to all inhabitants and established local
- assemblies. The next landmark was the Basic La (Loi Cadre) of
- June 23, 1956, which eliminated all remaining voting
- ineqaualities and provided for creation of governmental organs
- to ensure a measure of self- government to individual
- territories. The constitutional referendum of September 1958
- dissolved the A.E.F. and saw further expansion of the internal
- powers of the former overseas territories.
- </p>
- <p> The nation became an autonomous republic within the newly
- established French Community on December 1, 1958, and acceded
- to complete independence as the Central African Republic on
- August 13, 1960.
- </p>
- <p> The first president, revered as the founder of the Central
- African Republic, was Barthelemy Boganda. He died in an
- airplane crash and was succeeded by his nephew David Dacko. On
- January 1, 1966, following a swift and almost bloodless coup,
- Col. Jean-Bedel Bokassa assumed power as president of the
- Republic. Bokassa abolished the constitution of 1959, dissolved
- the National Assembly, and issued a decree that placed all
- legislative and executive powers in the hands of the president.
- On December 4, 1976, the republic became a monarchy with the
- promulgation of the imperial constitution and the proclamation
- of the president as Emperor Bokassa I.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> On September 20, 1979, former President Dacko led a
- successful and bloodless coup while Bokassa was out of the
- country. Gross human rights violations committed by Emperor
- Bokassa were largely responsible for his overthrow. Dacko's
- efforts to provide economic and political reforms proved
- ineffectual, and on September 20, 1981, he was overthrown in a
- bloodless coup of Gen. Andre Kolingba. Unti September 21, 1985,
- Kolingba headed a predominently military cabinet which was
- composed of the Military Committee for National Recovery (CRMN).
- On that date, the CRMN was dissolved, and Kolingba named a new
- cabinet with increased civilian participation, signaling the
- start of a return to civilian rule. In 1986, the process of
- democratization quickened with the creation of a new political
- party, the Rassemblement Democratique Centrafricain (RDC), and
- the drafting of a new constitution that subsequently was
- ratified in a national referendum. The constitution established
- a parliament made up of a National Assembly, whose 52 deputies
- are elected, and an economic and regional council with 16
- members elected by the National Assembly and 16 members
- appointed by the president. Deputies to the assembly were
- elected in July 1987, and the assembly's first session was held
- later that year. Durig 1988, these institutions provided a
- forum for debate of public issues but had little substantive
- impact on government policy. In May 1988, the assembly passed
- legislation that lifted a ban on trade union activity in effect
- since 1981 and provided the legal basis for trade union freedom
- and the protection of union rights.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- November 1989.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-